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	<title>Satis Shroff's ZEITGEIST</title>
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		<title>Ethno Medical Therapy in Munich, Germany 2008 (Satis Shroff)</title>
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		<category><![CDATA[Medical ethnology]]></category>

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Applied Ethnotherapy 2008 (Satis Shroff)

Blurb:Satis Shroff introduces you to the world of Ethnomedical therapies that are used by Practitioners of Traditional Medicine, and the seminar to go with these therapies in Munich, Germany. The Ethnomed therapy sessions are a regular [...]]]></description>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="de-DE"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><strong>Applied Ethnotherapy 2008 (Satis Shroff)</strong></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="de-DE">
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><span lang="de-DE"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="color:#000000;"><strong>Blurb:</strong><span><em>Satis Shroff introduces you to the world of Ethnomedical therapies that are used by Practitioners of Traditional Medicine, and the seminar to go with these therapies in Munich, Germany. The Ethnomed therapy sessions are a regular affair organised by the Universities of Heidelberg and Munich.Traditional Medicine should go hand in hand with Modern Medicine. The Health Insurance organisations and medical school authorities have yet to recognize this form of alternative, traditional medicine,which is based on Nature and so-called supernatural phenomenons. </em></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="de-DE"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><br />
Die Ethnomedizin wird auch in diesem Jahr wieder in München ein Forum haben. Dass die Ethnomedizin/Ethnotherapien in Heilungs- und Gesundheitsprozesse von Menschen verstärkt in die sogenannten klassischen Behandlungsmethoden integriert werden und Eingang finden müssen wissen wir längst.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="de-DE"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:x-small;">Die Chancen, die sich für das gesamte Gesundheitssystem ergeben können, wenn die seelische, psychische und auch spirituellen Ebenen von Menschen im Heilungs- und Gesundheitsprozess integriert werden sind unübersehbar. </span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><span lang="de-DE"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="color:#000000;">Trotzdem haben die ethnotherapeutischen Methoden, Behandlungsformen und Rituale<strong> nicht</strong> den Stellenwert, der ihnen und ihrer Bedeutung entsprechen würde. It would be necessary to work towards this end and to make the concerned authorities change their attitude towards this end.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><span lang="de-DE"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="color:#000000;"><br />
Dass der Schwerpunkt in diesem Jahr auf den <strong>angewandten Ethnotherapien</strong> liegt, ist sehr spannend und bietet wieder einmal die Chance, die Potentiale der Ethnotherapien zu erkennen. Ich wünsche allen Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer der Fortbildung Ethnotherapien viel Spaß und viele gute und interessante Begegnungen, Erkenntnisse und Erlebnisse und den OrganisatorInnen viel Erfolg für das Seminar.<br />
Lydia Dietrich<br />
Stadträtin München</p>
<p><strong>Rabia Schirrmann und Pragya Sabine Erlei</strong> (Körpertherapeutinnen, Tibetan Pulsing Yoga, D.) vermitteln das Tibetan Pulsing Yoga, eine Bewusstseins- und Heilarbeit, die Körper, Emotionen und Gedanken miteinander in Einklang bringt. Diese Methode hat ihre Wurzeln in den tantrischen Klöstern Tibets als auch in den taoistischen Klöstern Chinas.<br />
</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><span lang="de-DE"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="color:#000000;">INTENSIV-PRAXIS-SEMINAR 9.-12. OKTOBER 2008<br />
FORTBILDUNG  ETHNOTHERAPIEN<br />
Wissen – Erkennen – Heilen<br />
in der Universität München und im Eibenwald Paterzell<br />
9.-12. Oktober 2008 Times<br />
ETHNOMED Institut für Ethnomedizin e.V.</p>
<p>ETHNOTHERAPIEN – HEILVERFAHREN DIESER WELT<br />
Seit Jahrtausenden sind das Verstehen der Sprache der Natur und die Kommunikation mit der „<strong>anderen</strong> <strong>Welt</strong>“ das Geheimnis alten Heilwissens. Lassen Sie uns in drei Tagen die Grenzen des „normalen“ Erlebens überschreiten und neue Dimensionen heilerischen Schaffens ergründen.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><span lang="de-DE"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="color:#000000;"><br />
Erleben Sie in dieser praxisnahen Fortbildung intensiv das Wirken von <strong>Heilern aus Peru, Mexiko,</strong> <strong>Kasachstan</strong> und unserer eigenen Kultur. Wir laden Sie ein, die vorgestellten Methoden selbst zu beobachten, zu erfragen und zu üben. Diese reichen von handfesten chiropraktischen  Anwendungen der Mochica, einer Prä-Inka-Kultur, über archaische Heilrituale bis hin zum Aufspüren der spirituellen Wurzeln einer jeden Krankheit.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="de-DE"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><br />
Mitten im Naturschutzgebiet des Paterzeller Eibenwaldes erfahren Sie das Orakeln und „Raunen“ der Runen, hören das Wispern der Pflanzengeister und erforschen die Botschaften aus Ihren eigenen inneren Tiefen. T</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><span lang="de-DE"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="color:#000000;"><br />
Die Eibe war in der germanischen und keltischen Kultur ein heiliger und mächtiger Baum, im alten Ägypten wurde sie mit dem Jenseits verbunden und war ein Begleiter ins Totenreich. In der modernen Medizin erhofft man sich, aus der Eibe Wirkstoffe für die Krebstherapie zu gewinnen. Die Eibe erneuert sich immer wieder selbst. Daher steht sie im Volksglauben für ewiges Leben, für Tod und Wiedergeburt. Für Magier, Druiden, Ärzte früherer Zeiten, Seher und Heiler war sie Helfer und Begleiter.</p>
<p><strong>PROGRAMM</strong></p>
<p>DONNERSTAG 9.10.2008<br />
19.00 Uhr bis ca.21.00 Uhr<br />
Abendvorträge der Referenten und Heiler in der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Pettenkoferstr. 11</p>
<p>FREITAG 10.10.2008 BIS SONNTAG 12.10.2008<br />
GenevaIntensiv-Praxis-Fortbildung im Paterzeller Eibenwald<br />
Ende: Sonntag ca. 17.30 Uhr</p>
<p>INTENSIV-PRAXIS-FORTBILDUNG 2008Times<br />
<strong>Referenten </strong>(alphabetisch)</p>
<p><strong>Maria-Elisabeth, Medium</strong>, Deutschland<br />
Jede Krankheit basiert auf Ursachen, die im Feinstofflichen zu suchen sind oder spirituelle Auslöser haben. Fast alle Heiltraditionen ursprünglicher Völker kennen Trancezustände um Krankheitsursachen zu kennen. Der Heiler oder Schamane stellt dabei eine besondere  Verbindung zum Kranken her und kann damit intuitiv den Auslöser oder  den Anlass der Erkrankung finden und Impulse zur Heilung geben. Noch einen Schritt weiter geht der schamanische Röntgenblick. Dabei geht das Medium in einem veränderten  Bewusstseinszustand mit einem speziell geschulten Blick durch alle Ebenen des Körpers und sieht<br />
dabei den Zustand der Organe und Körperregionen. Es zeigt sich dabei auch die ganz konkrete physische Beschaffenheit. Eine feinere Wahrnehmung ist bereits bei vielen Menschen vorhanden und kann geschult und geübt werden. In der Fortbildung führt Maria-Elisabeth in das Thema und ihre Arbeitsweise ein. Persönliche Fragen sind  möglich. Ziel der Übungen ist die Erweiterung der Wahrnehmungsfähigkeit und die Hinführung an die medialen Fähigkeiten  Teilnehmer. Einzigartig ist dabei die praktische Selbsterfahrung<br />
als auch die hellsichtige mediale Begleitung bei den Übungen. </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><span style="color:#000000;"> <span lang="de-DE"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><br />
Spirituelle Wahrheiten werden hier lebendig und können direkt selbst  erfahren und im Gespräch nachvollzogen werden. Maria-Elisabeth  praktiziert ihre Arbeit als Medium seit vielen Jahren, erläutert und  demonstriert ihre Techniken in der praktischen Anwendung und bringt dabei die Teilnehmer an die eigenen intuitiven heilerischen Fähigkeiten.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><span lang="de-DE"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="color:#000000;"><br />
<strong>Hardy Hoffmann, Runen- und Meditationsexperte</strong>, Deutschland<br />
Die Druiden wirkten in früheren Zeiten mit den Heilströmen der Runen, durch die sie zu innerer Kraft kamen, Reinigungen vornahmen oder auf Krankheiten einwirkten, mental und physisch. Runen sind universelle Kraftsymbole der Nordmeervölker. In unserer Heimat wurden Runen seit uralten Zeiten eingesetzt, um das Wissen um die Kräfte der Natur zu erlangen und sie leicht im Alltag zu nutzen. Mit Abschluss in der Transzendentalen Meditation T.M. und Studienreisen nach Indien, SO-Asien und Australien spezialisierte sich Hardy Hoffmann auf die Techniken der Natur-Religionen der alten Nordmeervölker Europas. Er ist heute führende Größe im Bereich der Runen-Magie und vermittelt ihre Fertigkeit in Verbindung mit Schulung der Intuition und dem Erkennen der Vorsehung. Mit diesen Fertigkeiten üben wir das Aufspüren von Energiefeldern, das Aufnehmen von energetischen Strömen und die praktische Anwendung der Erdkraftfelder. So werden Sie in diesen Tagen Ihre persönliche Rune finden und die Kräfte der Natur und ihrer Wesenheiten in und um sich spüren, sowie viel Wissenswertes über die Kräfte der Natur entdecken. Dieses uralte Wissen soll hier zu neuem Leben erweckt werden.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><span lang="de-DE"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="color:#000000;"><strong><br />
Kokopelli, Traditioneller Tänzer der Azteken &amp; Anthropologe</strong>, Mexiko<br />
Jorge A. Kokopelli Guadarrama, Sohn von Nopaltzin, wurde früh von seiner Familie getrennt um die aztekischen Traditionen zu lernen. An der National School of Anthropology and History studierte er<br />
Anthropologie. Aus persönlicher Überzeugung setzt er sich dafür ein, die Wurzeln seiner Kultur zu vermitteln, damit die Welt einen Teil dieser wunderbaren Tradition kennen lernt. Die Azteken, auch Mexicas genannt, waren eines der bedeutendsten Völker im präkolumbianischen Mexiko. Kokopelli zeigt in diesen Tagen die bis heute lebendigen Rituale seines Volkes. Es werden Mythologien weitergegeben über das indigene, spirituelle Erbe der Azteken sowie Visionen des Volkes über die Zukunft in unserer modernen Welt.<br />
Rituale zur Reinigung des Energiekörpers oder der Aurareinigung nehmen einen besonderen Stellenwert ein. Mit aztekischen Rhythmen und dem Klang der Medizintrommel werden Reisen in andere Bewusstseinszustände unternommen, um den Energiekörper zu reinigen und die täglichen Blockaden zu lösen. Mit einem speziellen Ritual –Gebet zur Erde -  ruft man nach aztekischer Vorstellung Energie aus<br />
dem Kosmos, die Krankheiten heilt, Gebete oder Danksagungen übermittelt oder Antworten auf wichtige Fragen gibt. Es ist ein lebendiges Gebet an die Erde, uns zur universellen Größe des Seins zu  erheben. Eigene Trommeln können mitgebracht werden.</p>
<p><strong>Laura Pacheco, Heilerin, Peru</strong><br />
Laura Pacheco hatte in jungen Jahren einen schlimmen Verkehrsunfall mit Knochenbrüchen, Lähmungserscheinungen und Nervenausfällen. Verletzungen im Gehirn bedrohten ihr Leben, die Schulmedizin war machtlos. Nach langer Suche fand sie einen erfahrenen alten Heiler der Mochica, einer prä-inka-Kultur Perus. Er behandelte sie, und Laura Pacheca genas in kurzer Zeit vollkommen und konnte Sport und Studium wieder aufnehmen. Sie bat den Heiler inständig, ihr dieses Wissen zu vermitteln, doch er weigerte sich zunächst, die alte und bisher geheime Tradition seiner Vorfahren weiterzugeben. Schließlich<br />
gab er Lauras drängenden Bitten nach, und es folgten viele Jahre des intensiven Lernens und Praktizierens. Der Lehrer sprach nicht über sein Wissen, er schulte Laura durch Fühlen, Beobachten und Anwenden.  Ihr Meister starb 2006 und hinterließ nur Laura sein einzigartiges Erbe. Laura Pacheco nimmt die große Verantwortung zur Heilung der Menschen in der Welt wahr und möchte diese alte, sehr effektive Heilmethode gerne an engagierte und interessierte Menschen weitergeben.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><span lang="de-DE"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="color:#000000;"><strong><br />
Saira Serikbajewa, Heilerin, Kasachstan und  Maria Gavrilenko</strong>, Professorin für Sprachen, Kasachstan<br />
Saira Serikbajewa steht seit früher Kindheit mit der traditionellen Medizin ihres Volkes in Verbindung und arbeitet seit 20 Jahren als Schamanin. Die Kasachen sind von je her ein Volk der Nomaden, das seit Urzeiten eine Vielfalt von Heilverfahren aus der Natur entwickelt hat und durch die medizinische Erfahrung anderer Völker Zentralasiens, Chinas, Indiens und des arabischen Orients ergänzte. Die Therapie, die Saira und Maria demonstrieren werden, ist die <strong>Wachstherapie</strong>. Diese Therapie kann jeder anwenden, verstehen können sie jedoch nur die &#8220;Feuer-, Wasser-, Luft- und Erdmagier&#8221;,diejenigen, denen sich durch ihr langjähriges Praktizieren die Sprache  der Natur offenbart hat. Der Therapie liegen die Eigenschaften des Bienenwachses zugrunde. Durch diese Therapie kann man Menschen, Tieren, Pflanzen und sogar Autos oder Häusern helfen. indem man bei der Behandlung  die Kraft des Feuers und des Wassers anspricht und in die Therapie mit  einbezieht. Jegliches Problem kann gelöst, Betrug aus Licht gebracht werden, Magie, Hexerei und böser Blick verlieren ihre Macht. kann eingeleitet werden., Hilfe vermittelt, das Leben zu meistern, den Weg zu öffnen, frei zu machen,  manchmal sogar auch das Leben retten. Die Wachstherapie kann niemandem schaden, sie kann nur helfen. Die Biene - die Mutter vom  Wachs, findet in der Blume nur den Nektar, die Spinne jedoch nur das Gift. Das ist die gute Eigenschaft der Biene - das Böse zu übergehen, das Gute vom Bösen trennen zu können, die Wahrheit von der Unwahrheit zu unterscheiden. Diese alte Heilweise, von uns tiefgründig studiert und  vervollkommnet, hilft uns, den Patienten zu reinigen und zu heilen: auf der physischen, emotionalen, mentalen und geistigen Ebene.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><span lang="de-DE"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="color:#000000;"><strong><br />
Dr. Wolf Dieter Storl, Ethnobotaniker, Schamanenforscher, </strong>Deutschland<br />
Die indigenen Wurzeln der europäischen Heilpflanzenkunde. Die indigenen Völker nördlich der Alpen, die  Germanen, Slawen und vor allem die Kelten, prägen Aspekte der Volksmedizin  bis zum heutigen Tag. Nicht nur wurde im ländlichen Raum das Wissen um die endemischen Kräuter - darunter auch die Archäophyten, die mit den ersten Bauern kamen - überliefert, sondern auch verschiedene Sammel-  aund  Ausgrabrituale, sowie Rituale der Zubereitung und der Einnahme. Träger dieser „kleinen“Tradition waren vor allem die Frauen. Dieses indigene Heilsystem war in einem archaischen Weltbild eingebettet, das sich erheblich von der kulturellen Matrix  der „großen“ Tradition der offiziellen Kloster-,  Apotheker- und  Ärztemedizin, unterschied. In diesem Seminar wollen wir etwas über diese Heilkunde erfahren, indem wir, während einer Exkursion in freier Natur, endemische Pflanzen im ethnomedizinischen Kontext vorstellen.</p>
<p>INTENSIV-PRAXIS-FORTBILDUNG 2008</p>
<p>Orte:<br />
9.10.2008: Vortragsabend in der Universität München, Pettenkoferstr. 11<br />
10.-12.10.08: Intensiv-Praxis-Fortbildung, Seminarhaus Eibenwald, nahe München (Anfahrtsbeschreibung und Unterkunftsmöglichkeiten werden mit der Anmeldebestätigung verschickt)<br />
Zeiten:<br />
Do. 9.10.08: 19-21 Uhr </span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;"><span lang="de-DE"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="color:#000000;">Fr. 10.10.08: 9-19 Uhr<br />
Sa. 11.10.08: 9-19 Uhr<br />
So. 12.10.08: 9-17.30 Uhr</p>
<p>Hinweis: Traditionelle Heiler und Referenten anderer Kulturen denken oft nicht in unseren westlichen Strukturen. Wir bitten deshalb verständnisvoll und flexibel mit sich verändernden Programminhalten und Zeitplänen umzugehen. Unerwartetes und Überraschendes ist erfahrungsgemäß im Bereich der Ethnomedizin unausweichlich.<br />
<em><br />
Anmeldung bitte schicken/faxen an  +49-89-40 90 81 29<br />
ETHNOMED e.V. • Melusinenstr. 2 • D-81671 München</em><br />
</span></span></span></span></p>
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		<title>Ade, Royals in the Shadow of the Himalayas (Satis Shroff)</title>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Jun 2008 14:17:47 +0000</pubDate>
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Commentary: 

ADIEU ROYAL FAMILY IN NEPAL (Satis Shroff) 


König Birendra fragte mich: &#8220;Gefällt es Ihnen hier?&#8221;

Ich war so überwältigt von der neue, einmalige Situation, daß ich gar nicht wußte, ob ich in Nepali oder in Englisch reden sollte. Ich neigte mich [...]]]></description>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Courier New,monospace;"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span lang="en-GB"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Commentary</span>:<strong> </strong></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><strong>ADIEU ROYAL FAMILY IN NEPAL (Satis Shroff) </strong></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">König Birendra fragte mich: &#8220;Gefällt es Ihnen hier?&#8221;</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Ich war so überwältigt von der neue, einmalige Situation, daß ich gar nicht wußte, ob ich in Nepali oder in Englisch reden sollte. Ich neigte mich ein bißchen und machte eine Namaste. Eine Namaste bedeutet eigentlich &#8220;Ich begrüße das göttliche in Dir&#8221;, denn in Hinduismus glaubt man, daß in jeder Mensch etwas göttliches beiwohnt. Aber vor mir stand ein König der meine Schule besucht hatte, in Eton und Havard gewesen war, und für 23 Millionen Nepalis als die Reinkarnation der Hindu-Gottheit Vishnu verkörperte.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Ich antwortete: &#8220;Ich bin vor einigen Jahren gekommen und mir gefällt es sehr hier, weil ich in der Schwarzwald mit eine Schwarzwald Mädel lebe und es ist genau so schön wie in Nepal. Mit fehlen bloß die Himalayagipfeln.&#8221;</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Ich erzählte auf Englisch, daß ich mit Prinz Dhirendra in St. Josephs zur Schule gegangen war.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Courier New,monospace;"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span lang="en-GB">&#8220;Oh, St. Joseph&#8217;s? </span>War Pater Stanford noch in der Schule?&#8221;</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Courier New,monospace;"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span lang="en-GB">&#8220;Jawohl, Your Majesty, und Pater Burns und Mr. Bannerjee.&#8221; </span>Mr. Bannerjee war ein indische Rektor mit Fulbright (USA) Erfahrung und die anderen waren Jesuitenpriester, die eine Eliteschule leiteten.</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Courier New,monospace;"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;">Seine Majestät lachte herzlich und fragte: &#8220;<em>Kahile pharkaney?</em> Wann kehren sie zurück?&#8221;</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Ich war verlegen und sagte: &#8220;Das weiß ich nicht.&#8221; Ich habe damals nicht gewußt, daß ich eine Zähringerin heiraten wurde und vier bezaubernde Kinder haben wurde. Nun bin ich in Freiburg geblieben und schreibe nach und über Nepal und mache Nepal-Watch durch das Internet, denn ich interessiere mich immer noch sehr für die gesellschaftspolitische und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung Nepals, und vor allem Nepals literarische Szene. Demnächst bringe ich ein Buch über die Lyrik und Kurzgeschichten Nepals bei Horlemann Verlag (Bad Unken) heraus, weil ich gute Beziehungen in der literarische Szene Kathmandus habe. Ja, man kann mich als ein Dozent mit eine literarische Flair für Englisch, Nepali und Deutsche Literatur nennen.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><em>Starb mit König Birendra auch die Hoffnung?</em></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Die Nachricht, daß es ein Blutbad gegeben hat im Narayanhiti-Palast von Kathmandu und daß der Krönprinz Dipendra seine Eltern König Birendra und Königin Aishwarya und andere Familien Mitgliedern, war ein Schock für mich. Ich konnte es nicht fassen.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Daß es Dissidenten in Nepal gibt und daß die maoistische Guerillaorganisationen sehr militant und aktiv sind im westlichen Teil Nepals war mir schon bekannt. Aber daß der Kronprinz sein Vater König Birendra Bir Bikram Shahdev 55 und seine Mutter Aishwarya Laxmi Devi Shah geboren Rana (51), Bruder Niranjan (22) und Schwester Shruti (24), ein Schwager sowie eine Cousine des Königs, erschossen hat war unglaublich. Dies in einem Land, wo Buddha geboren war (Lumbini) und wo Frieden und friedliche Koexistenz, sowohl in Nepals Außen- und Innenpolitik groß geschrieben ist.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><em>Was bedeutete König Birendra für Nepal?</em></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Birendra Bir Bikram Shahdev, wie der König von Nepal genannt wurde, hatte seine Schuljahren in St. Josephs (Darjeeling) verbracht und danach ging er nach Eton College (England) und war auch ein Jahr in Havard als Gasthörer. Von den 23 Millionen Einwohnern Nepals sind 90 Prozent Hindus und der König von Nepal wurde, seitdem der Gurkha König Prithvi Narayan Shah das Kathmandutal mit List erobert hatte im Jahr 1768 als der Reinkarnation von Vishnu, der Hauptgott in Hinduismus, verehrt. Nepal ist das einzige Land mit Hinduismus als Staatsreligion. </span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">In Nepals chaotische, unsichere politische Landschaft, wo es ständige Regierungswechsel gibt, hat man gesehen, daß die Regierung von Nepal unter Girija Prasad Koirala (Kongresspartei) der maoistischen Rebellion im Westen des Landes nicht Herr werden kann. Seine Idee, als Sozialdemokrat, die Maoisten mit einer 15 000 Mann Eliteeinheit zu bekämpfen, ist ein Schritt in der falsche Richtung. Probleme wie Armut, Mißwirtschaft, Korruption und Vetterwirtschaft kann man nicht, wie es in der Vergangenheit ohne Erfolg gemacht war, mit Gewalt und Macht gelöst werden.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;"><em>Meine Erinnerungen an König Birendra und Königin Aishwarya?</em></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Courier New,monospace;"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;">Ich habe gute Erinnerungen an den König und Königin. Ich bin von der Nepali Botschafter Singa Pratap Malla in Bonn zu einem Empfang für den König und Königin von Nepal in La Redoute eingeladen worden. Ich habe ein Blumenstrauß an der Freiburger Kaiser-Joseph-Straße besorgt und als ich aufgeregt zu der Verkäuferin sagte, daß die Blumen für eine Königin seien, hat sie geschmunzelt und fragte: &#8220;<em>Ach, wirklich?&#8221;</em></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Ich habe ihr erklärt, daß sie tatsächlich für die Königin von Nepal waren, die zu einem Staatsbesuch nach Deutschland gekommen war mit dem König von Nepal. In Bonn waren die Straßen mit Deutsche und Nepali Fahnen geschmückt. Ich habe eine Taxi genommen am Bahnhof und der Taxifahrer, ein Bonner mit Humor erklärte mir, daß es ihm Spaß machen wurde, die weiße Mäuse vor den VIP Autos zu sehen.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">In La Redoute waren schon Journalisten and der Tür, und ich ging hinein und begegnete eine ganze Menge Nepali Damen und Herren. Die Damen trugen bunte, elegante Saris und die Männer in Anzüge. Woher kamen all diese Landsleute?&#8221; fragte ich mich damals. Ich hatte die Nepali Botschaftsangestellte und ein paar Studenten und natürlich der Bundespräsident Richard von Weizsäcker und seine Frau Marianne, Deutsche Diplomaten und andere Gäste erwartet. Ich fragte ein Mann in Nepali, der smart gekleidet war und aussah, wie ein Rai- Stammesangehörige. Meine Vermutung war richtig. Es war ein Rai und er erklärte, daß er und die anderen Nepalis alle Britische Gurkhas von der Rheinarmee und deren Frauen waren. Ah, Britisch Gurkhas die in den Falklands auch eingesetzt worden waren gegen den Argentenier. </span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Plötzlich kam ein Deutsche Polizeioffizier, begrüßte mich freundlich und stand neben mir. Es stellte sich heraus, daß er der Polizeikommissar war und sagte zu mir, daß er häufig bei solche Empfänge dabei war. Er zeigte mir ein bekannter Bonnerfotograf, der nie ein Blitzgerät benutzte. Sein Geheimnis? Er nahm nur Filme mit Höhe ASA oder DIN Werte. Der Oberkommissar zeigte mir eine Interessante alte Dame, die einen sympathischen Eindruck machte. Von ihrem Aussehen, konnte sie eine Adelige sein mit einem &#8216;von Titel&#8217; und von der Kleidung her ein bisschen altmodisch aber passend zu ihrem alter, denn sie sah mindestens über 60 aus.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">&#8220;Ist sie ein VIPs Frau?&#8221; fragte ich.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">&#8220;Nein, nein, Sie werden staunen. Sie ist nur eine einfache Rentnerin, aber sie ist bei jedem Empfang in verschiedene Botschaften dabei,&#8221; sagte der Oberkommissar. Später erfuhr ich, in eine Fernsehsendung, daß King Birendra sie sogar mit &#8220;Frau Baronin&#8221; begrüßt hatte, als die Büffet geöffnet wurde.&#8221;</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Mein Herz pochte als die königliche Paar endlich hineinkamen. König Birendra sah wohlauf aus und die Königin Aishwarya trug weiße Handschuhe, ihre schwarz-blau glänzende Haare gesteckt/versteckt in einem Netz, und sie trug eine blaue Bluse und ebenfalls blaue Chiffon Sari. Sie war eine Erscheinung und ich habe ihr die Blumen überreicht. Sie sagte eine leise, schüchterne: &#8220;Dhanyabad, thank you&#8221; und danach gab sie meine Freiburger Blumen an den Aide-du-Corps, ein gewisser Captain Khatri Chettri. Unter den Nepali Journalisten die mit der königliche Entourage gekommen waren auch Gauri KC, die immer Freitags meine Kommentare in Radio Nepal gelesen hatte und Shyam KC, der für die Reportagen in Kathmandu zuständig war. Er arbeitet jetzt für die Kathmandu Post. Chiran Samsher war auch dabei, der königliche Palastsekretär.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Nachdem die Büffet eröffnet war, gingen wir alle zu einem großen Saal. Es gab sogar echte französische Champagne, serviert von wunderschöne Fräuleins. Eine Deutsche Korrespondentin hat einmal über Nepal geschrieben: &#8220;Entwicklung und Fortschritt sind Fremdworte in diesem hoffnungslos rückständigen Land, das nach wie vor zu den ärmsten der Welt gehört.&#8221; Aber solche Wörter waren fehl am Platz an diesem Abend.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Nach eine Weile, wurde die Stimmung besser und lockerer, wie es bei Empfänge ist, und während Königin Aishwarya sich ruhte nach der anstrengenden Bonner Tagesprogramm, mischte sich König Birendra unter das Volk bzw. die Gäste. Er begrüßte jeden und als er lächelnd auf mich zukam, wußte ich nicht ob ich ein Bild knipsen sollte oder Seiner Majestät begrüßen sollte. Ich kannte seiner dritter Bruder Prinz Dhirendra, da wir beide in der gleiche St. Josephsschule in Darjeeling unsere Abitur gemacht hatten. Prinz Dhirendra verlor seinen adeligen Titel, weil eine ausländerin heiratete und lebte in London in Exil. Bei der Schießerei wurde auch er verletzt.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Manchmal denke ich, ein bißchen Phenomenologie, die Fähigkeit die Sichtweise von beiden Seiten zu sehen, und Familientherapie hätte sowohl die englische als auch die Nepali Königshäuser nicht geschadet. Auf jedenfall wäre es nicht zu solche Gewaltakten nicht gekommen. Aber die uralte hinduistische Strukturen in den Köpfen von Eltern in der Nepali Gesellschaft macht es unmöglich die Sachlage mit eine andere Sichtweise zu betrachten.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">In Nepal wollte der Index-Person Prinz Dipendra eine Frau heiraten, die er liebte. Seine Herzensdame hieß Devyani Rana (29), eine Rana-adelige mit indisches Blut aber seine Mutter Königin Aishwarya, die immer als herrisch und stur galt, lehnte die Heiratspläne ab. Es gab keine entgegenkommen und die Konflikt zwischen Prinz Dipendra und seine Mutter bzw. Eltern eskalierte so sehr, daß er nur die Waffe als eine Endlösung sah. Da wurde die humanistische Erziehung von Nepals Budanilkantha Schule und Englands Eton und USAs Havard über den Haufen geworfen, weil solche Gedanken in Nepals Palastwände, Gesellschaft und Machtstruktur fremd waren. In der Narayanhiti-Palast herrschten die Ansichten von Königin Aishwarya, die alles andere als humanistisch war in ihre Denkweise. Sie war für die altmodische hinduistische Machterhalt in der Palast und im Königreich. </span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Prinz Dipendra lebte in eine zwiespaltige, ambivalente Welt. Wenn er, wie sein Vater Birendra, gekrönt worden wäre, dann wäre er wieder von den meisten Nepali Landleute nicht nur als ein konstitutionelle Monarch, sondern auch als eine Reinkarnation von dem Hindugott Vishnu verehrt.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">In Nepal ist es nun so, daß die Eltern bestimmen wollen, wer mit wem heiratet. Ich erinnere mich, daß nur wenige Nepali Schul- und Uni-Freunde von mir eine Liebesheirat durchgesetzt haben. Die meisten Menschen in heiratsfähigenalter lassen sich einheiraten, weil es alte, vedische Tradition in Nepal ist, daß man den Eltern ehrt und folgt.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Die Verwundbarkeit: Mit seiner Kurzschlußhandlung hat Prinz Dipendra nicht nur seine Eltern ausgelöscht, sondern auch ein reinkarnierter Hindugott. Generationen von Nepali Kinder werden sich die Fragen stellen: &#8220;Ist denn Vishnu doch verwundbar, genauso wie die lebende Göttin Kumari, die sich abdanken muss, sobald sie ihre Menstruationsblutungen bekommt oder durch eine Verletzung verblutet. Denn eine Göttin darf nicht bluten. Der König von Nepal hat auch geblutet als er von seinem Sohn erschossen wurde.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span><span lang="en-GB">Raktakunda&#8221; bedeutet ein Blutlaken, wurde von dem Nepali journalist Krishna Bhattarai geschrieben, der den Pseudonym &#8216;Abiral&#8217; trägt, was &#8216;fortschreitend&#8217; bedeutet. Ein Schachspiel namens &#8216;Baghchal&#8217; (Tigertaktik) wurde im Himalaya von der damaligen chinesischen Regierung gestartet, wobei China die Autonome Region von Tibet annektierte, denn nach chinesische Meinung waren die Himalayastaaten Sikkim, Bhutan, Ladakh die Phalanx von China. Chinas territorial Wahn ging so weit, dass 1962 ein Krieg im Himalaya mit India angezettelt wurde. </span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="justify">Nachdem Indien seine Unabhängigkeit von der britischen Raj errungen hatte, fnng an Indien seine Territorium zu konsolidieren, denn einige Teile waren noch in kolonial Hände z.B. Goa ein ehemalige portugesische Kolonie und Pondicherry (Frankreich) und der Nizam von Hyderabad ein dickköpfiger Herrscher, der von den indischen Union nicht verschlückt werden wollte. 1962 war eine bittere und traumatische Erlebnis für Indien, was dazu führte, dass Indien anfing Gebirgskampdivisionen für die indischen Armee zu trainieren und die alte vernachlässigte Strassen die zu den strategischen Punkten in Ladakh, Sikkims Nathu La, Bomdilla und anderswo im Himalaya führten fahrtaugnich zu machen.</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="justify">Indien lies seiner Nachbarstaaten (Sikkim, Bhutan, Nepal) im norden seine heranwachsende militärische Stärke immer wieder spüren. Indien wollte Stalilität im Norden des Subkontinents und die exil Nepalis von Sikkim machten es einfach für die indische Regierung, da in einem demokratischen Wahl in Sikkim waren die Nepalis in überzahl, und die Ursprunglichen Einwohner Sikkims, die Lepchas, waren in der Minderheit. Obwohl der Chogyal von Sikkim mit eine US Amerikanerin verheiratet war, konnte dies die US Lobby nicht mobilisieren, weder in der diplomatischen, noch auf der politischen Front. Bhutan müsste seine Außenverteidigung an Delhi übertragen und die Befreiung von Ost Pakistan, den heutigen Bangladesh (Das Land der Bengalis) von den West Pakistanischen Militärs bereitete  Nepals König Mahendra viele Sorgen, da er befürchtete, dass Nepal von Indien verschluckt werden konnte. Laut Krishna Bhattrai dies war der Grund, warum König Mahendra sein leben nahm.</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span><span lang="en-GB">Als ich noch Student war in in Katmandus Tri Chandra College, spielten sie häufig das nepalesisches Lied: “<em>Ma marey pani mero desh bachhi rahos</em>” was &#8216;auch wenn ich sterbe, soll mein weiter Leben&#8217; bedeutet. Es wäre ein Jammer, wenn das Land Nepal auch sterben würde, nach dem Tod von dem selbsternannte Gottkönig, dessen Sah-Dynastie Nepal 239 Jahre lang regierte&#8212;bis ein Maoist namens Prachanda und seine Maobadi-krieger das Land eroberte, wie einst König Prithvi Narayan Shah und seine Blutrunstigen Gurkhas ins Katmandutal siegreich einmarschierten, nachdem Kirtipur gefallen war.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="justify">Im Roman erwähnt ein Palastbeamter, dass er ein Mann weglaufen gesehen hatte von der Bankettsaal von Narayanhitipalast. Der Verdacht ist, dass der Mann, der der Schwieger Sohn ist von Prinz Dhirendra (mein Schulkamarad), der auch während der Massaker getötet worden war, wüßte mehr über den Attentat.</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Das Buch erzählt auch, dass König Mahendra&#8217;s Tod direkt in zusammenhang steht mit der Streit  zwischen ihm und die indische Premier Indira Gandhi. Mahendra Shah hatte Nepals gewählte Primierminister von seinem Amt entlassen, die politische Parteien verboten politisch Tätig zu werden und führte eine repressive, hinduistischen Regierungsystem genannt Panchayat, die von den Royalisten geführt wurde. India war dagegen und setzte Köig Mahendra unter Druck und verlangte von ihm es wieder rückgängig zu machen.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Dieser Massaker kam den Kommunisten Nepals, vor allem die militanten Maobadi Gruppierung nicht ungelegen. Sie wussten es, die Situation auszunutzen.</span></span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Als herkünftiger Nepali kann ich nur hoffen, daß die Ruhe wieder einkehren wird. Der neue König von Nepal Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shahadev kenne ich als ein Mann seitdem ich als Journalist bei The Rising Nepal gearbeitet habe. Seine erste Statement, nämlich dass das automatische Gewehr von allein losgegangen wäre, sprach nicht von Weisheit. Die Nachricht ging durch die ganze Welt. Es mag sein, dass es eine königliche Notlüge war. Er gilt als jemand, der ein Herz für Nepals Flora und Fauna gezeigt hat und er engagierte sich für die Ideen des World Wildlife Fund, indem er National Parks einrichten lies. Er war und ist der Vorsitzender von der King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation mit Sitz in Kathmandu. Dass er auch Diplomatie und die Fähigkeit besaß, ein armes, problembeladenes Land wie Nepal als sein konstitutionelles Monarch führen konnte war fragwürdig, da die Maoisten waren de facto die eigentliche militärische Herrscher Nepals. Er galt als konservativ im hinduistischen Sinne, sanft aber unbeliebt, aner seine Sanftheit was leider nur vorübergehend. </span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify">
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">In Nepali Dokumentarefilme ist er häufig gesehen worden bei der Eröffnungsfeiern von Schulen, Krankenhäusern und National Parks. Er hat  die Chance, die Rolle des Gottkönigs anders zu gestalten und Nepal auf dem Weg zum Fortschritt zu führen verspielt. Er war kein Staatsman, sondern nur in Geschäfte interessiert und konnte mit den Maobadis und andere kommunistische Oppositionellen mit Dialog und konstruktive Argumentationen, Zugeständnisse und Kompromisse nicht besänftigen, denn Kommunismus und Monarchie waren und sind nicht kompatibel. </span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify">
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="justify"><span style="font-family:Bookman Old Style,serif;"><span style="font-size:small;">Es bleibt ein schwieriger Job, ein Land wie Nepal zu regieren, da die pro China Maobadis und die pro Indien Congress Partei befinden sich in einem Clinch und kämpfen um die Macht in Schatten des Himalaya Staates. </span></span></p>
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		<title>1000 Years of Zähringen (Satis Shroff, Freiburg)</title>
		<link>http://satisshroff.wordpress.com/2008/06/19/1000-years-of-zahringen-satis-shroff-freiburg/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 19 Jun 2008 07:30:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>satisshroff</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Bertold I]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Bertold IV]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Burgervereine]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[castle ruins]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[duke of Zaringen]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[dux de Zaringen]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Freiburg im Breisgau]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Herzog]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Zaringen]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[ 
1000 Years of Zähringen (Satis Shroff)
 
The ruins of Zähringen’s castle lies on a hillock overlooking the Vale of Dreisam. And the hamlet of Zähringen is a part of Freiburg. Zähringen is 1000 years old, reason enough to celebrate a festival with the inauguration of the Zähringer fountain, which is a tall monolith with a scarlet [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:medium;">1000 Years of Zähringen (Satis Shroff)</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"> </p>
<p class="western" align="justify"><span lang="en-GB">The ruins of Zähringen’s castle lies o</span>n a hillock overlooking the Vale of Dreisam. And the hamlet of Zähringen is a part of Freiburg. Zähringen is 1000 years old, reason enough to celebrate a festival with the inauguration of the Zähringer fountain, which is a tall monolith with a scarlet heart on the top, a work of art. Like all such celebrations, the 1000 years of Zähringen began with a mass at the St. Blasius church, followed by a cultural program with the cooperation of the Zähringer towns.</p>
<p class="western" align="justify"> </p>
<p class="western" align="justify">Zähringen’s history which dates back to a document entitled ‘castrum Zaringen,’ was founded in 1128 at the end of the 11<sup>th</sup> century, on the fundament of a once Allemanic building. The event was the heir, who came had Swabian blood in his veins, Berthold II, who received the town from the Count of Rheinfelden. Bertold II is seen as the founder of Zähringen, and in the year 1100 he was bestowed the title of ‘dux de Zaringen.’ A dux or duke is called ‘Herzog’ in German and thus the Zahringer. Became nobility in the German Empire, although the nobility lasted only a short while&#8212;till the death of Bertold V. The castle of Zähringen became their main residence and had been raised to the rank of a Reichsburg (Empire Castle).</p>
<p class="western" align="justify"> </p>
<p class="western" align="justify">At the beginning of the 12<sup>th</sup> century, the dukes changed their main residence to Freiburg and left the old castle in the care of the Vögten.</p>
<p class="western" align="justify"> </p>
<p class="western" align="justify">The year 1278 brought the first destruction of Zähringen castle at the hands of the Freiburger. The old castle was renovated from 1281 onwards. In 1327 Zähringen became the property of the Freiburger Patrizier Snewlin-Bernlapp. (Today there’s Bernlapp apothecary and a street carrying his name in downtown Zähringen, right near the tram station).</p>
<p class="western" align="justify"> </p>
<p class="western" align="justify">The castle was besieged and destroyed again during the Peasants’ War (Bauernkrieg) in the year 1525. The Thirty Year War brought a complete destruction of the castle. The castle ruin changed hands from the Abbot of St. Peter, and finally became the property of Baden in 1805.</p>
<p class="western" align="justify"> </p>
<p class="western" align="justify">Today, the castle ruin of Zähringen dates back to the late 13<sup>th</sup> century and the castle wall ring and the fundaments of the olde castle are still intact. The castle ruin has become an attraction for visitors who like nordic walking and hiking, school-kids and senior generations, although it doesn’t have the same allure as the ruins of Staufen, Schiltach, the ruins of Rötteln, Schloss Ortenberg at Ortenau or Hornberg-upon- Neckar.</p>
<p class="western" align="justify"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="de-DE" align="center"><span style="font-size:medium;">Ach, Zähringen (Satis Shroff)</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="de-DE" align="center"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">Zähringen lies to the north of Freiburg, </span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">A castle ruin, which is a tourist attraction. </span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">In the early days they used to dig for silver ores below the castle.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">The ores that were dug were brought to the &#8216;Poche&#8217;,</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">Where they separated the silver from the ore</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">By melting them at high temperatures in the charcoal-kilns. </span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">At the moment it smells of smoked-fish.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">The adjacent barn has been rented to a German,</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">Who wears his spectacles on the tip of his nose,</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">He lisps and tells stories of the old times in Zähringen.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">He smokes trout from the Black Forest thrice a year.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">I think he sells them, otherwise he wouldn&#8217;t smoke so many fishes.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">He always hands me a freshly smoked trout</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">Wrapped on a piece of German newspaper.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">I thank him and hand him a bottle of Weissherbst from our cellar.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">When I sit and read a book on the terrace,</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">Frau Keller greets me with a friendly &#8216;Hallochen!&#8217; from the street.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">She has short, silvery hair and has a warm smile across her face.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">She&#8217;s an ethnic German from Romania.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">I like her soft-spoken East Bloc accent.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">Her friendliness is disarming even though she has a lot of pain. </span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">In the afternoon I hear soft piano melodies,</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">When my son Julian does his music exercises.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">The tones of the piano mingle with bird-cries,</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">And suddenly one hears the loud noise of a lorry,</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">Transporting either furniture or building materials,</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">Up and down the Pochgasse.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">A lot of expensive villas are cropping up.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">The Zähringer, as people living in Zähringen are wont to be called,</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">Are an active folk when it comes to organising things.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">Every autumn there&#8217;s a Hock around the St. Blasius church,</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">A get together, with Blasmusik, children&#8217;s cries of joy, </span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">The smell of waffel, noodle soup, roasted pork, sausages,</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">Fried potatoes and pizza lies in the air.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">The ancestors of the people in Zähringer were charcoal-burners,</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">Who lived behind the castle.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">One day the coal-burner discovered melted silver under his oven.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">In those days there used to live a king, who&#8217;d fled to Kaisersstuhl.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">He lived with his family in poverty. </span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">The coal-burner went and gave the silver he&#8217;d found to the king.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">The king was so impressed that he gave his daughter</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">In marriage to the coal-burner, </span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">As well as the land surrounding Freiburg.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">The king named him the Herzog von Zähringen. </span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">The Zähringer duke founded Freiburg and other castles.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">There&#8217;s a tunnel at the end of the Pochgasse.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">The cars drive below and the ICE and Swiss trains above.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">Young and elderly Germans come by and ask only one question:</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="de-DE" align="center">„<span style="font-size:x-small;">Wo, bitte, geht’s zum Zähringerburg?“</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">Where&#8217;s the road to the Zähringen castle-ruins?</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">The castle was built in 1091 by Herzog Bertold V.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">It was destroyed by war and fire.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">What has remained is an 18 meter high tower, </span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;">With a commanding view of Freiburg.</span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><em><strong>Glossary:</strong></em></span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><em>Gasse: small lane</em></span></p>
<h3 class="western">Köhler: charcoal-burner</h3>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><em>Köhlerei: charcoal works</em></span></p>
<p class="western" lang="de-DE" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><em>Weissherbst: a German wine</em></span></p>
<p class="western" lang="de-DE" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><em>Burg: castle</em></span></p>
<p class="western" lang="de-DE" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><em>Meiler: charcoal-kiln</em></span></p>
<p class="western" lang="de-DE" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><em>Blaskapelle: brass-band</em></span></p>
<p class="western" lang="de-DE" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><em>spanferkel: porkling</em></span></p>
<p class="western" style="border-right:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-bottom:#000000 1px solid;padding:0 0 0.04cm;" lang="de-DE" align="center"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><em>Herzog: Duke of Zähringen</em></span></p>
<p class="western" style="border-right:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-bottom:#000000 1px solid;padding:0 0 0.04cm;" lang="de-DE" align="center"> </p>
<p class="western" style="border-right:medium none;border-top:medium none;border-left:medium none;border-bottom:#000000 1px solid;padding:0 0 0.04cm;" lang="de-DE" align="center"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">Meanwhile, as they say ins stories, the charcoal-burner became so powerful that he turned into a tyrant. One day the charcoal-burner or Kohler as we say in German, commanded his cook to fry a boy and serve it for dinner. The cook complied fearing for his own life. When the duke saw what the cook had done at his command, he repented the barbarious act and promised to mend his ways by building two monasteries&#8212;St.Peter and St. Ruprecht in the Black Forest.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="justify"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="justify">However, it must be mentioned that there are different versions to the castle of Zähringen. In the verses of Schuzler 1846 (page 353-355), the Kohler finds gold instead of silver, and it’s not a king with whom he bargains but the emperor, who comes personally clothed as a monk and seeks refuge at the charcoal-burner’s home, who in turn offers the emperor his gold as a sign of loyalty. The emperor accepts the gold and gives him his own daughter’s hand to show his thankfulness, and also gives him the acres of Breisgau as his dukedom.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="justify"> </p>
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		<title>Helvetia, You&#8217;re Great Even in Defeat (Satis Shroff, Freiburg)</title>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 13 Jun 2008 08:05:49 +0000</pubDate>
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		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[basle]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[bern]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[european soccer]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Guggemusik]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[helvetia]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[samba music]]></category>

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		<category><![CDATA[swiss goodies]]></category>

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		<category><![CDATA[the Rhine]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[ 
Public Viewing Zeitgeist (Satis Shroff, Freiburg)
 
The scene is at the Joggeli ,
A stadium in Basel, Switzerland.
The Czechs think the Germans are going to be behind them.
Karel Brückner wears a black muffler on this humid afternoon.
 
The Swiss Nati enters the arena.
Yodel songs, Alp horns, an elegant Miss Swiss saunters by,
Samba music reminiscent of Guggemusik at Fasnet,
Swiss [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="center"><span style="font-size:medium;"><strong>Public Viewing Zeitgeist (Satis Shroff, Freiburg)</strong></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="center"> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">The scene is at the Joggeli ,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="center">A stadium in Basel, Switzerland.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">The Czechs think the Germans are going to be behind them.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Karel Brückner wears a black muffler on this humid afternoon.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB"> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">The Swiss Nati enters the arena.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Yodel songs, Alp horns, an elegant Miss Swiss saunters by,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Samba music reminiscent of Guggemusik at Fasnet,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Swiss fans with red and white flags,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Effigies of Swiss cows, blondes wearing hats,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Caps and motley headgear,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Blonde farmers on stilts, soccer ball skirts and milk-cans,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Amid cow bells and the cries of the spectators.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center"> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="center">Mountain pixels: Jungfrau, Mönch and Eiger,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Skiing figures of a Ski nation,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Barock costumes, dancing figures</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">In black n’ white,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">The waltz and techno music.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Magic cube effects on the soccer field.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Symbols for Swiss watch industry,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="it-IT" align="center">Flags galore.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="it-IT" align="center">A coy Amanda Amman,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Miss Switzerland in scarlet silk.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">“She’s half Swiss and half Czech” quips someone.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center"> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">The Swiss are celebrating a big soccer festival.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">The entire stadium becomes a soul,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Unified as 100,000 fans shout in defiance</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Through their larynx and lungs.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center"> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" align="center">From Ortenau to Schaffhausen,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">The fans are streaming in,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Controlled by Swiss, German</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">And French security men and women,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Armed with guns, sticks, Alsatian dogs,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">And Luftwaffe aircraft doing sorties in the sky,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">The fear of Al Kaida is everywhere.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center"> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">42000 in the St. Jakob’s arena,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">35 000 in the Fan Zone,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Another 20 000 in the inns, taverns</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Public viewing places in Basle.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Discussions center on</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">The four-man defence chain,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Tactics, strategies of trainers,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Performances in the Bundes and other leagues.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">A big chance for Switzerland.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center"> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">438 green balloons reach for the sky.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Fireworks,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Standing ovation from the spectators,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">The Swiss hold hands</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">To the national hymn</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center"> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Standing ovation for a knie injured captain,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Alexander Frei the surest Swiss striker,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Is in tears against the Czechs.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">0:2 says the gigantic stadium neon chart,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Against the Turks.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Köbi Kuhn the dignified thoughtful Swiss man’s</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Euro dream disappears.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">The best Euro host takes its bow.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">You can still read the disappointment on our faces.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center">Ach, Helvetia you’re great even in defeat.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center"> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0;" lang="en-GB" align="center"> </p>
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		<title>Royal Privileges in the Shadow of the Himalayas (Satis Shroff)</title>
		<link>http://satisshroff.wordpress.com/2008/06/13/royal-privileges-in-the-shadow-of-the-himalayas-satis-shroff/</link>
		<comments>http://satisshroff.wordpress.com/2008/06/13/royal-privileges-in-the-shadow-of-the-himalayas-satis-shroff/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 13 Jun 2008 07:40:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>satisshroff</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Miteinander]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[diaspora]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[togetherness]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Citizens]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[CMDP]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[democracy]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[movement]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Nagarjun Palace]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Narayanhiti Palace]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Peace]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Shah dynasty]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Shah family]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Dear Readers,
The King has been ousted in Nepal, as you know, but the Royal Family still enjoys benefits from the government and I thought Prakash Bom&#8217;s article in The American Chronicle worth reading to have an idea of what other Nepalese think about the new government comprising the pro-China Maoists and pro-India Nepalese Congress Party [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>Dear Readers,</p>
<p>The King has been ousted in Nepal, as you know, but the Royal Family still enjoys benefits from the government and I thought Prakash Bom&#8217;s article in The American Chronicle worth reading to have an idea of what other Nepalese think about the new government comprising the pro-China Maoists and pro-India Nepalese Congress Party and other political hues that dominate the polit-scene in this Himalayan republic. Viel Spaß beim lesen.</p>
<p>Regards,</p>
<p>Satis</p>
<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212; </p>
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<td width="100%" bgcolor="#ffffff"><span style="font-size:x-small;"><span style="font-family:arial, geneva;"><strong>In support of the protest of Citizens\&#8217; Movement for Peace and Democracy (CMDP) against the government decision allowing former king Gyanendra Shah to stay at Nagarjun palace and permit his mother and grandmother to live inside Narayanhiti palace.</strong></p>
<p>People and people´s representatives of Constituent Assembly must join the protest of Civil Society of Nepal against the privileges – security, shelters, staffs and vehicles that the government has provided to ex-king family with out the consensus of Constituent Assembly is illegitimate and is disgraceful to people´s aspiration for democracy. Such a government must be dissolved and formation of a new government must undo such decision with the consensus of people´s representatives of Constituent Assembly.</p>
<p>Let us all join the protest of CMDP of Civil Society of Nepal to correct the old habit of the government authorities who fail to have second thought for not to make such decisions without the consensus of the elected representatives of people even at this point where Constituent Assembly has abolished the monarchy and established federal democratic republic.</p>
<p>Nepali Diaspora from around the globe give their voice in pressuring government change their old habit to respect the people´s representative for the competitive electoral democratic practice in every political decision making processes.</p>
<p>**********************************************<br />
<strong>Set No Double Standard in Keeping Ex-Royals of Nepal in the Archives</strong></p>
<p>Published on American Chronicle<br />
http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/64746<br />
Prakash Bom<br />
June 12, 2008<br />
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<br />
Basically, what Nepali contemporary political leaderships have to understand that the democratic culture can only flourish with the justice and justice is neither equivalent to the retaliatory game of tit-for-tat nor comparable to the South Asian religious tradition of love and compassion. Under the secular democratic body of law there are no exceptions because there is none above the law including elements of supernatural – gods and ghosts of our traditional Hindu-ethnic society no matter how far they have been sanctified by the tradition. If the foundation stone of this body has been laid by the successful elections of Constituent Assembly and the declaration of secular federal democratic republic then it is irresponsible to keep ex-royals in the archives against the declaration and people´s aspiration for democracy.</p>
<p>We do not know whether people have forgiven those royalists who had committed atrocities against the peaceful agitations of April Uprising but the political leaderships have with the greater impunity and disgraceful double standards. Every royalist has been able to escape the justice and even many of them have been re-instated to their respective state duties. What people can expect from all this at least some moral responsibility on the part of the political parties and their leaderships and cadres for not to set double standard with their commitments to democracy. For example, Constituent Assembly has abolished the feudal institution of monarchy and declared Nepal federal democratic republic with the greater majority. This simply means that no members of ex-royal can reside in the state-owned properties of the federal democratic republic Nepal. Ex-royals no longer should receive any privilege because they are none but citizens as rest of us who should live on their own earning and in their own property.</p>
<p>How ridiculous, for instance, that Constituent Assembly has sent the directives for ex-king to vacant the Narayanhiti palace through the government but the government cabinet has decided to grant the shelter for ex-king´s family without the consensus of the Constituent Assembly. Constitutionally, the current Interim government is illegitimate and its decision without the consensus of people´s representatives in Constituent Assembly is against the mandate of people. It is people´s Constituent Assembly which can only grant or deny the shelter for the ex-king family. Therefore, the government decisions that are executed without the vote of the Constituent Assembly are not legitimate. The representatives of the Constituent Assembly must stand for their electoral rights to veto government decisions. If not, the government will keep conflicting with the democratic provisions of Constituent Assembly.</p>
<p>It is time for the representatives of Constituent Assembly to step up their voice with the people and Civil Society in protest of keeping any ex-royal member off the vicinity of Narayanhiti palace on the basis of abolition of the monarchy and declaration of federal democratic republic. This is one of the historically symbolic factors of declaration that as per the people´s aspiration Narayanhiti palace must be vacant for keeping it open for people to visit as the museum of their struggle for democracy. The museum must be set with the portraits of revolutions and revolutionaries since the time of Sukra Raj Shastri, Dharma Bhakta, Ganga Lal, Dashrath Chanda to the People´s Movement – April Pursing. Therefore it is ought to be a symbol of people´s glory for democracy where we should not keep any ex-royal residing in the vicinity of people´s museum who will eventually infringe into it. If the interim government respects people´s mandate then it should immediately seek Constituent Assembly´s consensus to correct its decisions on ex-royals´ privileges – shelters and securities.</p>
<p>Ex-royals have ethical responsibility for their dignity since they have accepted people´s verdict. Therefore with no question for their security and shelter they should simply vacant the state-owned people´s properties. It is disgraceful that ex-king has been begging with the interim government, which has no authority to grant even temporary shelter and security without the consensus of people´s representatives of Constituent Assembly. It is with the verdict of the Constituent Assembly the institution of feudal monarchy has been abolished and it is thus only with the consensus of Constituent Assembly any further decision on ex-royals can be taken. This is the protocol that the executive body of the government must not breach. If the cabinet cannot maintain its executions with the protocol of legislation then the executive branch of government dominantly becomes authoritarian.</p>
<p>The ex-king Gyanendra Shah is considered to be the only richest individual in the nation based on his business investments excluding his properties that he has inherited from his father and after the massacre of late king Birendra´s entire family. Therefore, he should be able to hire his own security personnel and live in his own property. This is indeed his avariciously a cheap attempt to still thinking to depend on state-owned properties unless he find himself and his family insecure with the political reason. If not he should daringly seek independence and respect the protocol of people´s verdict.</p>
<p>People´s aspiration for a new democratic Nepal is fundamentally to bring an end to the government practice of double standard that breeds injustice from all kind of exceptions – socio-political, economic, religion and tradition. Justice in democracy does not mean necessarily retaliation because retaliation cannot establish justice in democracy. In order to establish justice or rule of law the society has to entirely respect the protocol of legislation or in simple language play by the rule. This means if Constituent Assembly has abolished the institution of monarchy with the establishment of people´s electoral-mechanism then it is only with the consensus of Constituent Assembly the interim government can take further decision on ex-royals. Otherwise the interim government will illegitimately set double standard conflicting with the legislative protocol that nation´s legislation has established.</p>
<p>This has been by default the tradition of political leaderships, ruling elites and the law experts of Nepal basically inherited from the feudal-gene of our society. Unless the gene that resides in us does not realize to play by the rule, particularly in the politics and the government, Nepali society will fail to think rationally to see how important these sequences of protocol are in establishing the rule of law. International communalities will have to put up with the tradition of impunity again for a long period of time in the socio-political and economic lives of Nepali people unless political leaderships are very serious about themselves for changing their political behavior radically. People and nation will be better off with the democracy if only political leaderships can reason and see the consequences of setting up double standard in politics, which inevitably breeds impunity. They all now world renowned proverb - ´look before you leap´ only if they can see it where they stand for holding on to themselves from rushing to make decision.</p>
<p>More articles: http://www.americanchronicle.com/viewByAuthor?authorID=2864</span></span></td>
</tr>
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		<title>Ornithology: Bird watching in Switzerland (Satis Shroff)</title>
		<link>http://satisshroff.wordpress.com/2008/05/22/ornithology-bird-watching-in-switzerland-satis-shroff/</link>
		<comments>http://satisshroff.wordpress.com/2008/05/22/ornithology-bird-watching-in-switzerland-satis-shroff/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 May 2008 12:02:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>satisshroff</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Basel Landschaftlicher Natur]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Nature protection]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Ornithology]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[SVS Birdlive Schweiz]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Sempach]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Vogel des jahres]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Vogelschutzverband BNV]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[bird watching in Switzerland]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[chicks]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ecology]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[falcon mother]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[famcon babies]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Hi Readers! Are you interested in ornithology? Do you like watching birds? Birds from Switzerland? Then it would be interesting to click up these sites, where you can watch the chicks growing up under the care of their mom. The links were sent to me by a dear colleague named Marianne Bonn from Basle (Switzerland). Viel Spass [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>Hi Readers! Are you interested in ornithology? Do you like watching birds? Birds from Switzerland? Then it would be interesting to click up these sites, where you can watch the chicks growing up under the care of their mom. The links were sent to me by a dear colleague named Marianne Bonn from Basle (Switzerland). Viel Spass beim lesen und zuschauen.</p>
<p>Regards,</p>
<p>Satis </p>
<p> <br />
 SVS BirdLive Schweiz - Vogel des Jahres 2008<br />
 <br />
 Basellandschaftlicher Natur- und Vogelschutzverband BNV<br />
 <br />
 Schweizerische Vogelwarte Sempach<br />
 <br />
 Wikipedia - Turmfalke<br />
 </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
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		<title>More Traffic for Your Website/Homepage (Satis Shroff)</title>
		<link>http://satisshroff.wordpress.com/2008/05/22/more-traffic-for-your-websitehomepage-satis-shroff/</link>
		<comments>http://satisshroff.wordpress.com/2008/05/22/more-traffic-for-your-websitehomepage-satis-shroff/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 May 2008 08:39:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>satisshroff</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[botanical delights]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[flowers]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[gardening delights]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[landscape gardening]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[more web traffic]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[terrific traffic]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Hi Readers! Here&#8217;s wishing you more traffic in your websites. This article is by my lovely friend Alva from Shoutout (she&#8217;s a great Landscape gardener,you know) and I found the tips rather useful. Do try &#8216;em out. You might like the idea of getting new connections. More readers and whatever. Have a nice day.
Regards,
Satis
&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;
 



Drive Traffic [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>Hi Readers! Here&#8217;s wishing you more traffic in your websites. This article is by my lovely friend Alva from Shoutout (she&#8217;s a great Landscape gardener,you know) and I found the tips rather useful. Do try &#8216;em out. You might like the idea of getting new connections. More readers and whatever. Have a nice day.</p>
<p>Regards,</p>
<p>Satis</p>
<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;</p>
<p> </p>
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<td colspan="3" bgcolor="#dddddd"><span class="text_large"><strong>Drive Traffic to Your Blog/Site</strong> </span></td>
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<td align="center" valign="top"><span class="text_small"><a href="http://satisshroff.wordpress.com/wp-admin/profile_view.cfm?uid=94485"><strong>Alva </strong></a><br />
5/21/08 - 6:25 PM</p>
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<td valign="top"><span style="font-family:Arial;">I shared the following tips in the Writers &amp; Bloggers group over at www.LandscapeBliss.com and wanted to share with my Shoutlife friends too! There are many simple and free ways to implement a viral marketing program for your blog, book, music, or website &#8230; following are seven tips to get you started with links to sites to help you create buzz. If you have other tips to share, I would love to hear them too!</p>
<p>1. Add social bookmarks to your blog or web page to make it easier for your readers to bookmark you, share their bookmarks with others, and to add links to your site. Socials Submit is a site to consider: www.socialsubmit.com &#8212; On the right column of www.LandscapeBliss.com, I have a link for many more!</p>
<p>2. Register your blog or webpage with search engines; here&#8217;s the URL for Google Submit: www.google.com/addurl</p>
<p>3. Join a blog directory such as www.blotanical.com for garden writers, there are many others for other audiences.</p>
<p>4. Add a signature link, (using your own URL) to emails sent such as &#8220;Join me at www.LandscapeBliss.com&#8221;</p>
<p>5. Submit a newsworthy press release to an online PR site such as www.prweb.com</p>
<p>6. Exchange links with others; link to their sites and ask for a reciprocal link to yours.</p>
<p>7. Submit articles to free online content providers such as Article Connection: www.articleconnection.com</p>
<p>Please share what you have found to be helpful in increasing traffic to your blog or website! Wishing you much success in your marketing and promotions!</p>
<p><font face="Arial" size="-1">&#8212;&#8211;<br />
If you love landscape design and gardening, come check out my work at www.LandscapeBliss.com!</p>
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		<title>Goethe: The Last Universal Man (Satis Shroff, Freiburg im Breisgau)</title>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 06 May 2008 11:27:28 +0000</pubDate>
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		<category><![CDATA[Goethe's Zeitgeist]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[ 
Goethe: A Writer of the First Rank (Satis Shroff, Freiburg)
 
Johann Wolfgang Goethe, who was lifted to nobility as J. W.von Goethe in 1782, was born on August 28, 1749 in the town of Frankfurt. The Goethes lived in a large, comfortable house in the Hirschgasse, now called Goethe Haus. Besides practical, scientific and autobiographical writings, [...]]]></description>
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<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="left"><span style="font-size:medium;"><strong>Goethe: A Writer of the First Rank (Satis Shroff, Freiburg)</strong></span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="left"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="justify">Johann Wolfgang Goethe, who was lifted to nobility as J. W.von Goethe in 1782, was born on August 28, 1749 in the town of Frankfurt. The Goethes lived in a large, comfortable house in the Hirschgasse, now called Goethe Haus. Besides practical, scientific and autobiographical writings, he left behind more than 15,000 letters, diaries relating to the 52 years of his life and also countless conversational writings of people he’d met.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="justify"> </p>
<p class="western" align="justify"><span>Even though Goethe’s work is fragmentary in general, it reveals the essence of his literary genius. </span><span>Goethe himself said: ‘Alle meine Werke sind Bruchstücke einer großen Konfession.’</span></p>
<p class="western" align="justify"><span>He remains to date one of the most original and powerful German lyric poets and his <em>Faust</em> is no doubt a work of inexhaustible ambiguity and wonderful poetry. </span></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="justify"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">The atmosphere that was evident in his parent’s home was that of the educated and their lifestyle in those days, and through his writings we get an exact idea of the Zeitgeist of Goethe’s days. He held the town of his birth in high esteem for it was the environment and intellectual background of his youthful development. Young Goethe loved to lose himself in the crowd around the Dome or in the Roman hill (Römerberg), which he always remembered as a fine place to go for a walk.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">The closest relationship of his youth was his sister Cornelia, who sadly enough died at the age of 27. Asked about the influence of his parents on him, Goethe summed it this way:</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><em>From father I have the stature,</em></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><em>To lead an earnest life.</em></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><em>From mother the good nature,</em></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><em>And the joy of story-telling.</em></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">Goethe was taught by house-teachers. After learning the old languages, he started learning French, English and Hebrew. At the age of 10 he read Aesop, Homer, Vergil, Ovid and also the German folks-books. Besides education in humanities and science, he was also taught religion, which was determined by the dominating explanatory issue of Lutherdom in Frankfurt.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">The big earthquake in Lissabon in 1755 was important for the development of Goethe’s mind, as it went into history as one of the greatest natural catastrophies of the century. Besides these natural calamities there were also religious and historical movements which left a deep impression in Goethe’s mind, for example the Seven-Years War between Prussia and Austria wherein he saw the consequences of the general political situation in his own life. Another important event during the occupation of Frankfurt by Napoleon’s troops was his fascination for a troupe of French actors, who’s shows he was allowed to visit regularly. That was the awakening in Goethe of his interest for theatre, and which had been sparked earlier in his life through a puppet-stage (Puppenbühne) and which can be seen in some scenes from ‘Wilhelm Meister’s Theaterical Shows.’</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">At the age of 16 Goethe was prepared for his academic studies. His father wanted him to study law in Leipzig. This was a city known for its trade, commerce, rich people in a wealthy epoche, and was filled with the spirit of Rokoko. Although Leipzig made a lasting impression on Goethe, he found the lectures on law rather boring. Nevertheless, the town of Leipzig brought to Goethe his passion for Anna Katherina, the daughter of a man who owned an inn, where he used to eat lunch since 1766.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">In his first completed play ‘The Whims of a Lover’ (<em>Laune des Verliebten</em>) which is based on the times of the Rokoko (<em>Schäferstücke</em>), he drew his own glowing passion. It was his inner desire to put into poetry the themes that were burning within him. In March 1770 Goethe arrived in Strassburg to complete his university studies in law.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">Like in Leipzig, Goethe found friends in Strassburg. One of the most important events was his meeting with Herder, who due to his eye-disease was obliged to stay in Strassburg for a couple of months. Here’s what Goethe said about Herder: “Since his conversations were important at all times, he used to ask, reply or express himself in another way, and in this manner I had to express myself in new ways and new views, almost every hour.” It was Herder who brought Goethe to the immeasureability of Shakespeare, told him about Ossian and Pindar, and opened his vision for Volkspoetry. Influenced by Herder’s appreciation of Shakespeare’s genius, he wrote at speed a pseudo-Shakespearean tragedy called: “<em>Geschichte Gottfrieds von Berlichingen</em>.” This was so ill-received by Herder that he put it aside.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">Shortly after his return from Strassburg, he turned 22 and started working as a lawyer at the Frankfurter Schöffengericht. Goethe couldn’t care less about the traditions of the citizens in Leipzig and his relatives, his parents’ home. As a lawyer in the courtrooms he had to suffer a bit due to his strange way of putting proceedings to paper, and gradually he began to write farces and parodies about well-known authors of his times and railed upon his own friends, took interest in Alchemy experiments and sought out open-minded literary circles of Frankfurt and in his neighbourhood.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">At 24 Goethe was already a well-known author of Germany. No other time in Goethe’s life was filled with prolific poetic works than in this period in Frankfurt. The time before and after his work ‘<em>Werther</em>’ was not only a time of multiple literary production, but also a period in which he spent a lot of time on seeking answers for questions on religion.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">The last Frankfurter year (1775) brought Goethe another year of passionate love in the form of Lili Schönemann, a 16 year old daughter of a Frankfurter trader. He experienced one of the most exciting and happiest times in his life. Alas, Goethe drifted between his love for Lili and the feeling that he’d settled for a happiness at home wouldn’t be enough for him. An episode from outside helped him to bear and make the separation from Lili possible.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">On November 7, 1775 Goethe came to Weimar, which was in those days a town with a population of 6000. In July 1776 Goethe joined the state service formally as its Secret Legislations Council. Goethe’s new position in the <em>Geheim Konsil</em> brought him soon enough in contact with almost all the pre-commissions of the state-administration.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">h</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">In 1779 he was appointed the War Commissioner and was responsible for the 500 soldiers of the state. Three years later he had the Chamber under him and became the highest financial administrator. Through his participation in the reading-evenings, redouts and other functions at the court and its high and snobbish society, the events became rather extravagant. And through Goethe’s presence and mediation Weimar gained importance.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">However, it was the serene, tempered lady-in-waiting (Hofdame) Charlotte von Stein, a cold beauty, who was unhappily married, who gained more influence on Goethe. From the first moment they met, she reminded Goethe of his sister Cornelia, and he felt drawn to her. In the years to come Goethe couldn’t do without her clear, mature way of doing things. He called her ‘the serene,’ an angel, even a Madonna. A friendship of kindred souls began, which was a puzzle to Goethe himself. It was in these Weimar years that Goethe wrote poems such as: Harzreise im Winter, An den Mond, Gesang der Geister über den Wassern, Wanderer, Nachtlied and so forth. Moreover, many of his songs and poems were set to music by composers ranging from Mozart and Frederik Schubert to Othmar Schoeck (1886-1957). Under the influence of Charlotte von Stein began a decisive change within Goethe. It was during this period in the months of February and March 1779, when he had to go to different places of the Dukedom to recruit soldiers, to keep an eye on them, to inspect the conditions of the roads, that he wrote the first edition of ‘Iphigenie and Taurus.’ This drama became the mirror of his search for purity. The period after ‘Iphigenie’ was penned in 1779 was a phase in the inner development of Goethe’s life, till he travelled to Italy. Goethe became not only confident as an administrator but also improved the purity and quality of his verses.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">The more prosaic he became in his daily duties, the more he endeavoured to bring a sense of order and system in all what he did. In addition to the completion of Iphigenie, he also started ‘Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre,’ wrote the concept for ‘Tasso’ and some parts of his ‘Faust.’ These were the fruits of lyrical productions. And just before his Italian journey, he did extensive studies in the natural sciences. His activities at the University of Jena brought him in intensive contact with comparative anatomy. In those days there was a conception regarding the original form and relationship between all living beings, and he proved the existence of the ‘<em>Zwischenkieferknochen</em>’ in humans, which was thought to be known only in the animal world. Goethe showed the biological development of living beings almost 100 years ahead of Charles Darwin.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">Goethe’s interest in natural science showed him how his career in the state service brought him away from things he most cherished to do. So he decided on the tenth year of his period in Weimar that he had to break up his service. After arranging his farewell from the state service and personal matters, he asked the Duke for a prolonged leave. He left abruptly, like in 1772 in Wetzlar and 1775 in Frankfurt, as though he was fleeing from something. Even in the presence of Duke and Charlotte von Stein he didn’t utter a word about his concrete plans. He embarked upon the biggest journey to Italy after a short spa sojourn in Böhmen (Bohemia).</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">After a week-long ride in a coach he reached <em>bella Italia</em>. The first stop was in Rome, where Goethe stayed for four months. It had always been the middle point of his life to study the works of art history in Rome He went to the theatre and attended court cases, watched processions, took part in church festivals, and towards February 1788 even visited the Carnival in Rome. He expanded his knowledge of art history systematically. Goethe found it difficult to say adieu to Rome. The return to Germany was disappointing for Goethe and he felt isolated. Goethe’s record of his journey to Italy (<em>Italienische Reise</em>) appeared in 1816-17. Instead of the Weimar politicians and administrators, Goethe sought to fraternise with professors of the Weimar University. He met Schiller often.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">Goethe found a new love: Christiane Vulpius, a handsome woman of lower rank who became his mistress, and with whom he had five children, but only one survived, his first son August, born in 1789. Goethe put his energy in the Weimar Court Theatre, founded in 1791, and developed it within a few years to one of the most famous German stages. Goethe’s loss of Rome was compensated to some extent by his meetings with Schiller, which did him good. Out of the first meeting with Schiller developed an intensive exchange of thoughts in spoken word and writing that was of mutual benefit for both. It was based on their common classicism and on their conviction of the central function of art in human affairs. Goethe’s epic poem ‘<em>Hermann und Dorothea’</em> (1779) was well received.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">Goethe was instrumental in changing Schiller’s tendency to go to extremes, and his habit of indulging in philosophical speculations.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">On the other hand, Schiller brought back Goethe from his scientific studies to literature and poetic production. In 1797 Schiller stimulated Goethe to carry on with Faust and it preoccupied him for the next nine years. Part One appeared in 1808, Part Two in 1832. Goethe didn’t stand near Schiller since 1794 and two long journeys to Weimar took him away from his intellectual friend, and in the year 1805 Schiller passed away. Schiller’s death in 1805 coincided with the end of Goethe’s classical phase. After Schiller’s demise, Goethe saw an epoche of his life disappearing. He tried to struggle against the uncertainty of time by concentrating and delving into his own work. Without the regular intellectual argumentation that the company of Schiller brought to Goethe, he felt politically isolated through his distance towards the anti-Napoleon attitude of the public and started living like a recluse.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">I</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">In 1806 war broke out between France and Prussia and the decisive battle was fought at Jena and French soldiers who occupied Weimar broke into Goethe’s house. Goethe believed tristiane had saved his life from the French marauders. He married her a few days later. Goethe met Napoeon at Erfurt and Weimar in 1808. The Bastille was stormed when Goethe was 39. In 1809 he wrote the subtle and problematic novel: <em>Die Wahlverwandschaften</em> in which the interrelations of two couples are described.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">Besides working for the hat Chance. Soldiers who occupied b Science Institutes of the University, he also carried forth botanical studies. The last two decades in Goethe’s life were devoted not to outer happenings but daily routine work.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">A key towards understanding Goethe’s various interests was his conception of human existence as a ceaseless struggle to make use of time at one’s disposal. Despite such intensive devotion to his writings, the ageing Goethe didn’t remain so isolated from his environment as he’d done in his younger years. Since he was seldom out of Weimar, he opened his house for the world. It is interesting to note that among his many visitors were not many poets and writers but more Nature researchers and art historians, discoverers who travelled, educators and politicians. The innermost circle around Goethe was his own family.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">In order to avoid the pompous celebration of his 82<sup>nd</sup> birthday, Goethe left Weimar in August 1831 for the last time.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">The most meaningful work of poetry in the German language, Goethe’s tragedy Faust, took a long time to develop. Goethe wrote his Faust almost a life long, and before him were writers who worked on the material. According to his own memories Goethe played with the thought of writing a Faust-drama even during his Strassburger student days. Perhaps the most important aspect of tragedy of Goethe is that these twists and turns took place not only in the outside world but also in the soul of Doctor Faustus.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">Despite the colourful scenes and the manifold happenings, Goethe’s Faust remains a drama of the soul, with a chain of inner experiences, struggles and doubts. Among his best works was Novelle, started thirty years ago. Goethe worked away at the last volume of <em>Dichtung und Wahrheit</em> and at Faust II which he finished before his death.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB"> </p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">On March 22,1832 at 11:30 in the morning Goethe died at the age of 82, the last universal man and the most documented creative writer.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">Johann Peter Eckmann saw the deceased on the following day and said: “Stretched on his back, lay he like someone sleeping. Profound peace and fastness were to be seen in the eyes of his noble face. The mightiest forehead seemed still to be thinking…”</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB"> </p>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 06 May 2008 11:22:08 +0000</pubDate>
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		<category><![CDATA[German literature]]></category>

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Goethe: A Writer of the First Rank (Satis Shroff, Freiburg)
 
Johann Wolfgang Goethe, who was lifted to nobility as J. W.von Goethe in 1782, was born on August 28, 1749 in the town of Frankfurt. The Goethes lived in a large, comfortable house in the Hirschgasse, now called Goethe Haus. Besides practical, scientific and autobiographical writings, [...]]]></description>
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<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="left"><span style="font-size:medium;"><strong>Goethe: A Writer of the First Rank (Satis Shroff, Freiburg)</strong></span></p>
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<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="justify">Johann Wolfgang Goethe, who was lifted to nobility as J. W.von Goethe in 1782, was born on August 28, 1749 in the town of Frankfurt. The Goethes lived in a large, comfortable house in the Hirschgasse, now called Goethe Haus. Besides practical, scientific and autobiographical writings, he left behind more than 15,000 letters, diaries relating to the 52 years of his life and also countless conversational writings of people he’d met.</p>
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<p class="western" align="justify"><span>Even though Goethe’s work is fragmentary in general, it reveals the essence of his literary genius. </span><span>Goethe himself said: ‘Alle meine Werke sind Bruchstücke einer großen Konfession.’</span></p>
<p class="western" align="justify"><span>He remains to date one of the most original and powerful German lyric poets and his <em>Faust</em> is no doubt a work of inexhaustible ambiguity and wonderful poetry. </span></p>
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<p class="western" lang="en-GB">The atmosphere that was evident in his parent’s home was that of the educated and their lifestyle in those days, and through his writings we get an exact idea of the Zeitgeist of Goethe’s days. He held the town of his birth in high esteem for it was the environment and intellectual background of his youthful development. Young Goethe loved to lose himself in the crowd around the Dome or in the Roman hill (Römerberg), which he always remembered as a fine place to go for a walk.</p>
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<p class="western" lang="en-GB">The closest relationship of his youth was his sister Cornelia, who sadly enough died at the age of 27. Asked about the influence of his parents on him, Goethe summed it this way:</p>
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<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><em>From father I have the stature,</em></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><em>To lead an earnest life.</em></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><em>From mother the good nature,</em></p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB" align="center"><em>And the joy of story-telling.</em></p>
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<p class="western" lang="en-GB">Goethe was taught by house-teachers. After learning the old languages, he started learning French, English and Hebrew. At the age of 10 he read Aesop, Homer, Vergil, Ovid and also the German folks-books. Besides education in humanities and science, he was also taught religion, which was determined by the dominating explanatory issue of Lutherdom in Frankfurt.</p>
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<p class="western" lang="en-GB">The big earthquake in Lissabon in 1755 was important for the development of Goethe’s mind, as it went into history as one of the greatest natural catastrophies of the century. Besides these natural calamities there were also religious and historical movements which left a deep impression in Goethe’s mind, for example the Seven-Years War between Prussia and Austria wherein he saw the consequences of the general political situation in his own life. Another important event during the occupation of Frankfurt by Napoleon’s troops was his fascination for a troupe of French actors, who’s shows he was allowed to visit regularly. That was the awakening in Goethe of his interest for theatre, and which had been sparked earlier in his life through a puppet-stage (Puppenbühne) and which can be seen in some scenes from ‘Wilhelm Meister’s Theaterical Shows.’</p>
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<p class="western" lang="en-GB">At the age of 16 Goethe was prepared for his academic studies. His father wanted him to study law in Leipzig. This was a city known for its trade, commerce, rich people in a wealthy epoche, and was filled with the spirit of Rokoko. Although Leipzig made a lasting impression on Goethe, he found the lectures on law rather boring. Nevertheless, the town of Leipzig brought to Goethe his passion for Anna Katherina, the daughter of a man who owned an inn, where he used to eat lunch since 1766.</p>
<p class="western" lang="en-GB">In his first completed play ‘The Whims of a Lover’ (<em>Laune des Verliebten</em>) which is based on the times of the Rokoko (<em>Schäferstücke</em>), he drew his own glowing passion. It was his inner desire to put into poetry the themes that were burning within him. In March 1770 Goethe arrived in Strassburg to complete his university studies in law.</p>
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<p class="western" lang="en-GB">Like in Leipzig, Goethe found friends in Strassburg. One of the most important events was his meeting with Herder, who due to his eye-disease was obliged to stay in Strassburg for a couple of months. Here’s what Goethe said about Herder: “Since his conversations were important at all times, he used to ask, reply or express himself in another way, and in this manner I had to express myself in new ways and new views, almost every hour.” It was Herder who brought Goethe to the immeasureability of Shakespeare, told him about Ossian and Pindar, and opened his vision for Volkspoetry. Influenced by Herder’s appreciation of Shakespeare’s genius, he wrote at speed a pseudo-Shakespearean tragedy called: “<em>Geschichte Gottfrieds von Berlichingen</em>.” This was so ill-received by Herder that he put it aside.</p>
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<p class="western" lang="en-GB">Shortly after his return from Strassburg, he turned 22 and started working as a lawyer at the Frankfurter Schöffengericht. Goethe couldn’t care less about the traditions of the citizens in Leipzig and his relatives, his parents’ home. As a lawyer in the courtrooms he had to suffer a bit due to his strange way of putting proceedi